SUBTRACTION. 28
31. John Smith, jr., had 170 dollars; he gave his old- est daughter, Angeline, 40 dollars, his youngest daugh- ter, Mary, 50 dollars, his oldest son James 30, and his youngest son, William, 20 dollars; he also paid 20 dol- lars for his taxes; how many dollars had he remaining?
8 26. SUBTRACTION is the taking of one number from another to find the difference.
The MINUEND is the number to be diminished.
The SUBTRAHEND is the number to be subtracted.
The DIFFERENCE or REMAINDER, is the result, or the number left after Subtraction.
NOTE 1.-One number can be subtracted from anoth- er only when they are both of the same kind.
NOTE 2.-When the two given numbers are unequal, the greater number is the minuend.
$ 27. The SIGN OF SUBTRACTION is a short horizontal line, thus-, signifying minus or less. It indicates that the number following is to be taken from the one that precedes it. The expression 6-2=4 is read, 6 minus, or less, 2 is equal to 4.
S 28. When each figure in the subtrahend is less than the figure above it in the minuend, proceed thus: 1. Let it be required to take 245 from 468, and to find their difference. Ans. 228.
OPERATION. We place the less number un- Minuend 4 6 8 der the greater, units under units, Subtrahend 2 4 5 tens under tens, &c., and draw a — line below them. We then be- Remainder 2 2 3 gin at the right, and say, 5 units from 8 units leave 3 units, and write 3 in the units' place below; then 4 tens from 6 tens leave 2 tens, and write 2 in the tens' place below; and 2 hundreds from 4 hundreds leave 2 hundreds, which we.write in hundreds place below; and thus find the difference to be 223.
8 29. FIRST METHOD OF PROOF.-- Add the remainder and the subtrahend together, and their sum will be equal to the minuend, if the work is right.
