WORD-BUILDING
All words are formed with invariable elements, the sense of which is always well determined : roots, affixes (prefixes and suffixes), grammatical terminations.
Prefixes. - The following is a list of the prefixes :
ge-, unites both sexes : ge-patri, parents.
bo-, relationship by marriage : bo-patro, father-in-law.
ex-, ex-, former, late : ex-oficero, ex-officer.
mal-, the contrary : mal-bela, ugly.
mis-, mis-, wrongly : mis-komprenar, to misunderstand.
mi-, half : mi-horo, half-an-hour.
re-, again : re-dicar, to say egain.
retro-, back : retro-sendar, to send back, return.
(ne-, negation : ne-utila, useless; mal-utila = harmful).
(sen-, devoid of : sen-viva, lifeless).
Suffixes. - The following is a list of the suffixes :
-in-, feminine : frat-ino, sister; patr-ino, mother.
-id-, offspring : Sem-ido, Semite.
-estr-, head of, chief of : urb-estr-o, mayor.
-an-, member of : senat-an-o, senator.
-ism, system, doctrine : social-ism-o, imperyal-ism-o.
-ist-. professional : art-ist-o, artist; dent-ist-o.
-er-, amateur : fotograf-er-o.
-ul-, characterized by : kuras-ul-o, cuirassier.
-aj-, thing made of or to which something is done : lan-aj-o, woolen stuff; insert-aj-o, insertion
-ur-, result of action : pikt-ur-o, picture.
-ar-, collection : hom-ar-o, mankind (= collection of men).
-il-, instrument : bros-il-o, brush.
-ey-, place for : kaval-ey-o, horse stable.
-uy-, receptacle : ink-uy-o, ink-pot.
yer-, that which bears : pom-yer-o, apple-tree.
-al-, relating to : nacion-al-a, national.
-oz-, full of : por-oz-a, porous.
atr-, like : spong-atra, spongy.
iv-, that can (do) : instrukt-iv-a, instructive.
-em-, inclined to : babil-em-a, talkative.
-ebl-, that can be (done) : fac-ebl-a, feasible.
-end-, which must be : solv-end-a, to be solved.
-ind-, deserving to be : respekt-ind-a, respectable.
-es-, to be : san-es-ar, to be in health : thence state or quality : san-es-o, health.
-esk-, to begin to : dorm-esk-ar, to fall asleep.
-ig-. to make, cause to he : bel-ig-ar, to beautify; dorm-ig-ar, to send to sleep.
-ij- to become : rich-ij-ar, to get rich.
-iz-, to supply or cover with : or-iz-ar, to gild; alkohol-iz-ar.
-if-, to produce : frukt-if-ar, to fructify; flor-if-ar, to bloom.
-ad-, frequency, repetition : dans-ad-o, dancing.
-eg-, augmentative : pluv-eg-o, downpour.
-et-, diminutive : mont-et-o, hill,
-ach-, pejorative, giving an unfavorable meaning : popul-ach-o, populace.
-um-, indefinite suftix. Where found, see dictionary.
Numeral suffixes :
-esm-, ordinal numbers : un-esm-a, first, du-esm-a, second.
-opl-, multiplying affix : du-opl-a, double.
-on-, fraction : tri-on-a, third part; quar-on-o, a quarter.
-op-, distributive: : quar-op-e. in fours, four at a time.
See p. IX-X the Grammatical Words, i. e. Indefinite Pronouns, Numerals, Primitive adverbs, Prepositions and Conjunctions.
